Problem-Based Learning

基于问题的学习(PBL)是查塔姆MPAS学生第一年的基石. 加入我们吧! classroom session to see what it's like in practice.
我有很多家庭医学的住院医生和教师对我说:“你和其他的私人助理不一样”或者“她很优秀”.“我坚信，这是因为我被迫离开了自己的舒适区，并获得了独立思考和团队合作所需的工具. I appreciate all the faculty very much for all you do!

—Alisa Vickeroy, MPAS '15 

Here's how it works:

  1. The incoming class is divided into groups of eight or nine students each.
  2. Groups (and their faculty instructor/facilitator) work together for five weeks. Class meets for 3.5 hours, three times each week. (Groups meet together outside of class, too.)
  3. They try to "solve" (diagnose, 并提供患者教育和治疗建议)5-8个模拟病例，这些病例由一个名为DxR Clinician的强大软件程序呈现.
  4. 最后, 他们要参加两场考试，涵盖他们在这几周可能会学到的内容, 其中一个要求他们解决类似于PBL病例的临床推理问题.
  5. Steps 1-4 repeat five more times. 学生可以在多个小组中一起学习，但他们只与每个老师见一次面.

Watch this video to learn more about PBL at Chatham:

 

Frequently Asked Questions

由麦克马斯特大学的霍华德·巴罗斯及其同事为医学教育开发, 基于问题的学习(PBL)已在许多卫生保健专业教育计划中实施. Problem-based learning is a rigorous, 高度结构化的教学方法，将学生置于主动负责学习和掌握内容的位置. In a group of peers, 学生通过面对和解决临床病例形式的问题来学习新材料.

学生以小组形式(8-10名学生)学习，由一名教师担任辅导员. Rather than listening to a lecture on a given topic (teacher-centered learning), 学生将看到一个病人的案例，这个案例通常将以前学到的信息与大量的新内容结合在一起. 这个小组必须就他们需要知道什么来管理病人的情况达成共识. 他们通过提出“学习问题”或代表案例问题的主题来做到这一点. 学习问题的例子可能是:涉及大脑中动脉中风的中风通常是如何表现的? What is the anatomy and function of the lymphatic system? Are the patient's weakness and gait dysfunction related? 如何? What is the epidemiology of myasthenia gravis? On an individual basis, students then research the topics by using textbooks, review articles, peer-reviewed research, and electronic data bases.

Later in the week, 学生重新分组讨论他们的发现，并将其应用于手头的病例. Rather than lecturing, 教员促进讨论并提出问题，以确定学生所学材料的广度和深度是否符合医师助理的要求.

An Ability to 应用 Information to Real-World Situations

研究表明，PBL体现了一种学习方法，有效地帮助学生培养对患者问题的科学思考，并以确保保留和转移[学习]到临床医生的现实任务的方式获取基础科学和临床信息. (巴罗斯)最近的研究表明，以问题为基础的卫生保健教育项目的毕业生在考试中表现良好(大多数研究表明比传统教育项目的学生更好)，并表现出可靠的临床学习和推理能力，以改善他们的病人.

Problem-Solving Skills

Since the acquisition of new material revolves around a patient case, 学生在解决病人问题的过程中不断学习和应用信息. 例如, 学生可能会被要求回答导师提出的以下问题:基于他的疾病过程的病理生理学, what precautions would be important when treating this patient? 为了完成你的治疗，你会如何处理病人的情绪影响? 患者的药物如何影响今天干预的结果? 鉴于患者目前的状况，哪些检查和措施可能适合他们?

研究 Skills

作为查塔姆的医师助理，学生们正在学习如何通过PBL过程提出问题, they also learn to research the answers. Our students become quite skillful at database searching, critiquing journal articles, and synthesizing information from a variety of sources.

Communication Skills

因为小组成员相互依赖，以丰富讨论和随后的学习, each student must participate in PBL sessions, whether by volunteering information, asking questions, seeking clarification, confirming the thoughts of a peer, or relating information to the patient case. Inherent in the PBL process, Chatham students learn how to function as individual members of a team, conferring for the greater good (learning the material/treating the patient).

学生也有机会评估同学的参与能力(准备), clinical reasoning, 质量 of learning resources, 团队技能, respective listening) and themselves, in written and oral formats. 这教导批判性反思和提供/接受建设性批评的技能.

Medical Knowledge

When encountering an unfamiliar problem, the student will be able to build, 组织, 并且清晰地表达出基本的科学知识和概念，这些知识和概念可以解释问题，然后可以用来解决问题.

Clinical Reasoning

学生将展示运用临床推理过程调查和解决医疗问题的能力.

Self-Directed Learning and Self-Assessment

When a student encounters a problem that he or she is unable to explain, 学生将能够设计和实施满意的学习策略, monitor the adequacy of personal knowledge and skills, assess the effectiveness of the self-directed learning strategies used, and critically assess the learning resources for adequacy, 质量, and credibility.

Professional, Clinical, and Interpersonal Skills

The student will demonstrate:

  1. Appropriate interview and physical examination techniques
  2. 有效的人际交往能力，同时与病人，同事，教师和其他人互动
  3. Cultural sensitivity
No; it's much more accurate to say that students take an active role in their learning. 每个PBL课堂课程都由一位查塔姆学院的讲师提供指导，他会提出探索性的问题, keeps the group on track, offers advice from their own real-world experience, 并作为一种资源，确保学生从PBL体验中得到最大的收获.

Problem-Based Learning in Action

Can't sit in on a class? Take a look at this video to learn more about PBL in action.